Police Brutality And The Police As An Institution, And...

The study of ethics in policing has expanded considerably over the past few years as cases of police brutality and corruption have surfaced in the media and in the courtroom. Commentators agree that three issues have shaped the role of ethics in policing: styles of policing, the police as an institution, and police culture. Banks, C. (2013). Criminal justice ethics: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. One of the few things that is really dividing the country is the attitude towards the police due to the killings of African Americans in of some cases unarmed or cases that the suspects could have been subdued in a non-lethal way; by the police over the past years, there have been many complaints from African American that†¦show more content†¦The COPS Office seeks to provide these critical resources to ensure integrity and ethics are well-understood and embedded in the culture of policing. COPS Office: Ethics Integrity. (n.d.). Retrieved August 19, 2016, fr om http://cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=2469. The study of police ethics according to the Department of Justice â€Å"is especially important in light of the functions and duties of the police as well as the wide powers of discretion that they enjoy. Police decisions can affect life, liberty, and property, and as guardians of the interests of the public police must maintain high standards of integrity. In addition, police have assumed the right to use intrusive, covert, and deceptive methods of law enforcement has a crucial role in protecting minority groups. Lately, they have also suffered a series of blows to their reputation for integrity through acts of corruption, incompetence, and racism. All of these factors point to the centrality of fostering ethical standards in policing. Police discretion concerning how to act in a given situation can often lead to ethical misconduct.† Ethics and Police retrieved August 19 2016 from Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department o f Justice. http://www.usdoj.gov/bjs. According to the National Institute of Justice â€Å"research consistently shows that minorities are more likely than whites

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The Kant Theory of Moral and Ethics - 1948 Words

I. Introduction. Philosophy plays an important role not only in modern society, but also in society as a whole. As we know philosophy can be represented as the science of contrast of different views and thoughts. Philosophers present their point of view, concerning for example, ethics, life, world outlook, and the rest of society and must choose the most suitable idea. As proven, without dispute and disagreements the philosophy couldn’t rise to such a high level at where it is today. Hence, the philosophy and ethics are interrelated whereas ethics is one of the oldest philosophical disciplines which are the object of morality. Every philosophy has been asking the issue about the class structure of society, the principles of morality,†¦show more content†¦(Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2004) III. Evaluation of Kant’s theory. Many specialists of business ethics apply Kantian categorical imperative as moral right for different approach to problem of business life. Comparing with utilitarianism the Kantian approach focused on internal motives of action, for example the loss of confidence in each other, the social disintegration and distortion of communication between people can happen because of lie that became general activity. But it is able to challenge the conclusions of Kant on the grounds that a lie is very common, and societies nevertheless do not fall. But it should take into account about development perspective of such relations. Indeed, one of the main problems in business ethics is that people are too easy to invent the most incredible permissible justification for them something that is not permitted to others. (Bowie n.d.) There have some example where company M in 1992 sent set of fertilizer to Bangladesh and worker who wanted to increase the yield contributed the fertilizer to their fields. Unfortunately, the bags labeled ‘fertilizer’ which containing the lead and cadmium dust was danger to health. In all probability the company M violated the several human rights. The company knew that delivered in Bangladesh goods would endanger the lives of people and animals. The company not only marked the goods as fertilizers, but also additionallyShow MoreRelatedKant s Moral Theory And Ethics1407 Words   |  6 Pagesname of Immanuel Kant introduced the third major ethical philosophy, Deontology. The basis behind Deontology is that people are duty bound to act morally by certain standards despite the outcome. Determining whether a person’s actions are morally right involves look at the intent of the actions. Like other ethic theories, Deontologist applies the golden rule of treating oth er people the way you would want them to treat you. Deontology can be broken down into three different theories: agent-centeredRead MoreMorality via Kant and Hegel1712 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Human beings have moral inclinations that affect our actions. Few would deny as a fact of human life a perpe-tual strive to do right and good concordant with one’s particular moral beliefs (while concomitantly judging others by them). For most, this strive is accompanied by a questioning of the very nature of the moral: Is there an impartial criterion that enables us to know objectively what one ought to do, or do our moral intuitions rest solely on subjective, arbitrary groundsRead More Ethical and Philosophical Questions about Value and Obligation977 Words   |  4 PagesQuestions about Value and Obligation I Recall the distinction between metaethics and normative ethics. Normative ethics deals with substantial ethical issues, such as, What is intrinsically good? What are our moral obligations? Metaethics deals with philosophical issues about ethics: What is value or moral obligation? Are there ethical facts? What sort of objectivity is possible in ethics? How can we have ethical knowledge? Recall, also, the fundamental dilemma of metaethics. EitherRead MoreImmanuel Kant And Kant On Morality1097 Words   |  5 Pagesare two which are usually compared to one another, Immanuel Kant and David Hume. Immanuel Kant had many theories throughout his philosophical time. Here are some of his ethical works, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and the Metaphysics of Morals (1797), which contains both â€Å"the Doctrine of Right† and â€Å"the Doctrine of Virtue.† He also had some other works of importance to his moral philosophy including the Critique of the Power of Judgment (1790)Read MoreKant Deontological Theory1659 Words   |  7 PagesStudent Name: Veronica Ryan Student No: 20120035 Assignment: Kant Lecturer: Prof: Wamsley Due Date: 23 August 2013 ____________________________________________________________________ Emmanuel Kant was an influential German Philosopher. He was born in Konigsberg in Prussia to Protestant parents he lived from 1724 to 1804. Kant observed the world around him and observed that that every culture religion and society has moral law whether they are obeyed or not. The Formula of Universal Law-Read MoreEssay on Exploration of Deontological Ethics833 Words   |  4 PagesDeontological Ethics Deontological ethics is concerned not with the action itself but the consequences of the action. Moral value is conferred by virtue of the actions in themselves. If a certain act is wrong, then it is wrong in all circumstances and conditions, irrespective of the consequences. This view of ethic stands in opposition to teleological views such as utilitarianism, which hold the view that the consequences of an action determine its moral worth. Kant’sRead MoreShould We Be A Good Grade?1612 Words   |  7 Pagesare answered based on beliefs: morals. Should I cheat on this test in order to get a good grade? What if I didn’t have the opportunity to study because you have to work every night in order to pay bills and if you don’t get a good grade then you lose your scholarship; is it right then? The answer is neither right nor wrong. The answer, is your answer; it is based off of your morals, your ethics. Scientologist, Raymond Baumhart, asked the question, â€Å"What does ethics mean to you?† to a group of businessRead MoreAristotle And Kant s Theory Of Justice1327 Words   |  6 Pagescompare philosophers Aristotle and Immanuel Kant is essentially to compare modern philosophy to classic philosophy. Aristotle’s theory of justice links together ethics and politics; while Kant’s theory of justice is based on strictly defined principles of morality. Modern philosopher Michael J. Sandel provides a detailed analysis of each theory in his book Justice: What’s the Right Thing to do? Although the key features of Aristotle’s and Kant’s theories are mostly different in nature, there are alsoRead MoreKant s Good Will Theory1219 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Kant’s Good Will theory, â€Å"good will† means to act out of an overarching sense of duty and rightness. In order for an action to be borne of good will, it must be done solely because it is the right thing to do, and not because of the results that the action will bring. The only thing, Kant says, that is good without qualification is good will itself. In order for something to be good without qualification, it must be good on every occasion that it is used. Kant supplies three categories ofRead MoreKant s Impact On Ethics1389 Words   |  6 PagesImmanuel Kant was an intelligent, well-known German philosopher during the Enlightenment era of the l ate 18th century. During this enthusiastic time period, there emerged a strong belief in the ability of human reason to help understand the world and solve its numerous problems- including ethical ones. Kant’s contribution to ethics has been very substantial, and although ethics is the field he’s had the most profound impact on, Kant also spent his time working in other areas, such as metaphysics

Care of People with Terminal Illnesses for Midwifery Federation

Question: Discuss about theCare of People with Terminal Illnesses for Midwifery Federation. Answer: The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF) has several policies, professional conduct and code of ethics which guides nurses and midwifes in their operations. Care of patients with terminal illnesses is one of the policies. The policy focuses on the attention and the help that a nurse should provide to a person with a terminal illness in respect to existing legal and ethical codes of conduct (Braun, et al 2016). The main aim of this paper is to focus on the policy regarding to care of people with mental illness laying emphasis on the role of the nurse and how the policy affects health and wellbeing of the patients. It is always traumatizing for a patient to know that he or she has been diagnosed with a terminal illness. As a matter of fact, it elicits mixed reactions among different people. There are also other instances where even diseases that are curable worsen and get to a point of no further treatment. Such are the patients who require end of life care and treatment. The nurses have several roles to attend to accord the patient the help he/she needs. To begin with, it is the role of the nurse to provide care and treatment with a holistic approach. The nurse acts as a link and a health advocate between the patient and their family and sees to it that the patient is not only accorded relevant medical treatment but also the emotional and psychological support. According to Aldridge, et al (2016) the nurse is also expected to provide information relevant in helping the patient to make end of life decisions. However, the existing laws and ethics clearly indicate that the nurse should not engage in euthanasia or any activity that can be interpreted as assisted suicide. A nurse should always ensure that people die a natural death in the most dignified way.it is therefore the role of the nurse to provide relevant palliative care to relieve the patient of pain and other symptoms of infection. The palliative care should also involve providing psychosocial support towards the end of life. Finally, the nurses and other caregivers are charged with the responsibility of communicating to other care givers on the wishes of the patient and other related information about the patient. For patients with a documented advance care directive, the nurse should adhere to the directives and also let other health workers know about the directive. For the case of children and neonates, the nurse is required to consult the family letting them know the available choices of treatment and their preferred course of action (MacArtney, et al (2016). How the policy helps the health and well-being of the patients The policy has been essential in safeguarding the health and well beings who have a terminal illness or those requiring end of life care. Patients have been able to receive the necessary medical and psychosocial support from nurses. The people have also had the chance of deciding the path of treatment from existing available options and the right not to be treated if it deems fit for them. The decision not to receive treatment may arise from a patient due to future uncertainties, fear or pain of their health condition. The patients are also able to receive palliative care that not only alleviates pain and suffering but also improves the quality of life they live. Pratt, Wood, (2015) explains that people who receive palliative care live longer and more fulfilling lives even when faced with a terminal condition. The policy has continued to benefit people since the health care providers are able to assess a patients condition in time, analyze personal needs and recommend the necessary action in time before the situation gets out of hand. The policy has also helped patients to have their privacy maintained which helps to maintain their self-esteem. In addition, Wiener, et al (2015) explains that the nurses also consider a persons beliefs, culture and social expectations so that they offer treatment and care in the best interests of the patient. The patients are also able to receive help and counselling in regard to medicines that may alter their moods, depression, pain and anxiety. When a patient is helped by a nurse, he or she is able to make the best decisions that ensure efficient use of resources. Nutritional advice to the patient also plays a vital role in the patients overall health by reducing the side effects of medications and by lengthening the life and the quality of life thereof (LoPresti, Dement, Gold, (2016). Possible effects if the policy was not there The various challenges that people with terminal and life threatening illnesses would face if the policy on care and support was not there are unthinkable. These challenges range from untold pain, misery and suffering. Lack of information on the best choices of treatment would be a disadvantage to the people requiring palliative care. The outcome of lack of palliative care would be increased deaths, re- admissions and social stigma, low self-esteem which results from the patient being despised and neglected. The neglect could also turn out into stress, depression and even suicides. Tamura, et al (2018) argues that without the policy people with terminal and life threatening illnesses would continually be seen as a liability, with the policy however, they are seen as normal people who require love, care and support from their loved ones. Mistreatment of people with these life threatening conditions leads to stigma. Stigma leads to more effects such as isolation and neglect and increased thoughts of suicide and self-harm. Conclusion The care of patients with terminal illnesses policy clearly defines the role of nurses and healthcare providers in providing the necessary help to improve the health and wellbeing of the patient. The policy has been beneficial to patients in a number of ways. Most importantly, the nurse is compelled to provide medication that suits the best interests of the patient. The policy has also helped to improve quality of life of the patient. Lastly, it is clear to say that without the policy the end of life care would not be easy to realize. References Aldridge, M. D., Hasselaar, J., Garralda, E., van der Eerden, M., Stevenson, D., McKendrick, K., ... Meier, D. E. (2016). Education, implementation, and policy barriers to greater integration of palliative care: a literature review.Palliative medicine,30(3), 224-239. Braun, L. T., Grady, K. L., Kutner, J. S., Adler, E., Berlinger, N., Boss, R., ... Higgins, P. (2016). Palliative care and cardiovascular disease and stroke: a policy statement from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.Circulation,134(11), e198-e225. LoPresti, M. A., Dement, F., Gold, H. T. (2016). End-of-life care for people with cancer from ethnic minority groups: a systematic review.American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine,33(3), 291-305. MacArtney, J. I., Broom, A., Kirby, E., Good, P., Wootton, J., Adams, J. (2016). Locating care at the end of life: burden, vulnerability, and the practical accomplishment of dying.Sociology of health illness,38(3), 479-492. Poole, M., Bamford, C., McLellan, E., Lee, R. P., Exley, C., Hughes, J. C., ... Robinson, L. (2018). End-of-life care: A qualitative study comparing the views of people with dementia and family carers.Palliative medicine,32(3), 631-642. Pratt, M., Wood, M. (2015).Art therapy in palliative care: The creative response. Routledge. Tamura, M. K., OHare, A. M., Lin, E., Holdsworth, L. M., Malcolm, E., Moss, A. H. (2018). Palliative Care Disincentives in CKD: Changing Policy to Improve CKD Care.American Journal of Kidney Diseases. Wiener, L., Weaver, M. S., Bell, C. J., Sansom-Daly, U. M. (2015). Threading the cloak: palliative care education for care providers of adolescents and young adults with cancer.Clinical oncology in adolescents and young adults,5, 1.